Sounding the alarm on racism terminated my professional journey - Luther Burrell
Burrell: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed significant focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is prepared to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022